These cues can affect information processing and behaviour the pursuit of this goal. Goal priming refers to the achievement of a goal by external cues given. Effects of primed subconscious goals in addition to goals that are consciously set related to job performance have been studied by Stajkovic, Latham, Sergent, and Peterson, who conducted research on a CEO of a for-profit business organization using goal priming to motivate job performance. This method goal setting is referred to as goal priming. Currently work motivation research has explored motivation that may not be consciously driven. Work motivation decreases as a nation's long-term economic strength increases.
Also, while national income is not itself a strong predictor of work motivation, indicators that describe a nation's economic strength and stability, such as life expectancy, are. Similarly measured, higher levels of work motivation can be found in countries that exhibit a long versus a short-term orientation. Between countries with comparable levels of economic development, collectivist countries tend to have higher levels of work motivation than do countries that tend toward individualism. Work motivation is strongly influenced by certain cultural characteristics. That is, it seemed that older employees were less motivated by extrinsically related features of a job, but more by intrinsically rewarding job features. Results from a 2012 study, which examined age-related differences in work motivation, suggest a "shift in people's motives" rather than a general decline in motivation with age. While motivation can often be used as a tool to help predict behavior, it varies greatly among individuals and must often be combined with ability and environmental factors to actually influence behavior and performance. To further this, an incentive is the anticipated reward or aversive event available in the environment. Motivation is a person's internal disposition to be concerned with and approach positive incentives and avoid negative incentives. Work motivation "is a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individual's being, to initiate work-related behavior, and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration." Understanding what motivates an organization's employees is central to the study of I–O psychology.
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